THE IMPACTS OF STANDARD GAUGE RAILWAY ON THE DIVERSITY OF FLORA AND FAUNA: A CASE STUDY OF PUGU HILL FOREST RESERVE

The development of the Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) is a transformative infrastructure project designed to enhance economic growth, connectivity, and accessibility in Tanzania. However, its construction and operation pose significant challenges to the biodiversity of flora and fauna, particularly in ecologically sensitive areas like the Pugu Hills Forest Reserve. This study investigates the environmental impacts of the SGR, focusing on habitat loss, species diversity decline, and wildlife migration disruption. It highlights the reserve’s critical role in preserving unique flora and fauna, including endemic and endangered species. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive environmental impact assessments and sustainable mitigation measures to balance development and conservation.