Abstract: The crop diversification is considered as an important pathway for agrarian
development. It means not just raising a greater variety of crops in a geographical limit over a
period of time but also a movement of resources from a low value agriculture to a high value
agriculture. The present study aims at examining the status of crop diversification in Odisha visa-vis the comparison between the coastal district Cuttack and southern tribal Kandhamal
district of the state. It is measured through Thiele’s Entropy Index (TEI) by considering gross
cropped area under eight varieties of crops through secondary data in the year 2015-16 and
the two districts have been scrutinized through primary investigation in the year 2018-19. The
variables irrigation, fertilizer, high yielding variety seeds, credit, income from agriculture,
electricity used for agriculture, telecommunication and farm mechanisation like tractor/ power
tiller and statistical tool linear multiple regression have been employed to examine the
determinants of crop diversification.
Key words: Crop diversification index, Determinants, Regional disparity, Livelihood
Introduction
Agriculture continues to remain the predominant sector of Indian economy particularly in the
backward states like Odisha. Among them 32.1 percent of the family are in Below Poverty Line
which seems their livelihood is insecure and they are in challenging and stressed situation.
About two-third of the state’s works force is still engaged in agriculture which provides them
livelihood directly or indirectly even though its share in gross state domestic product (GSDP)
has declined from over 70 per cent in the early 1950s to 15.39 per cent in the year 2014-15.
The catastrophes, inconsistence of monsoon, climate change risks such as flood, drought
which leads to insufficient production of various agricultural products and fluctuation of prices
arises owing to inconsistent and become a matter of concern now a day (Birthal and Hazarana,
2019) and it is expected that extreme calamities events rise in future scenario (World Bank,
2013). Under this backdrop, what seems paramount to raise productivity and sustainable
agriculture in Odisha’s context is to rely heavily on crop diversification. Diversification of
agriculture may help to overcome these overriding problems of state’s agriculture.
Crop diversification is essential for agriculture based economy in the current scenario. It
is defined as movement of production-portfolio from a low-value commodity to high-value
commodity making a shift from traditional to commercial crops (Joshi et al., 2004). Diversifying
the farm activities helps to mitigate both the climatic risks as well as price risks. Crop rotation
and diversification were practiced in farming to control weeds, pest and soil erosion, and to
maintain soil fertility. Crop diversification aids in adapting with consumption pattern. Food
consumption patterns change noticeably, as consumers in developing countries become richer
(Joshi, 2010). People move away from a diet based on staples to one with a greater content of
animal products such as meat, eggs and dairy and fruits and vegetables. Diversifying from the
monoculture of traditional staple crops can have important nutritional benefits which benefits in
food security as well as nutritional security (Lin, 2011). Diversification of agriculture in favour of
more competitive and high-value enterprises is considered as an important strategy to augment
farm income, generate employment, alleviate poverty and conserving the ecological biodiversity
and aiding sustainable agricultural transformation (Pingali and Rosegrant 1995, Von Braun,
1995; Joshi et al., 2004; Birthal et al. 2015; King and Hofmockel, 2017; Thapa et al. 2017;
Birthal and Hazrana 2019). Diversification in agriculture has tremendous impact on agro socioeconomic and uplifting of resource for poor farming communities. It generates income and
employment for rural youth for the ultimate benefits of the farmers in the country (Singh, 2009).
Developing country farmers have had considerable success by diversifying crops that can meet
export market demand.
Determinants of diversification have several forces to influence the nature and speed of
agricultural diversification from staple food to high value commodities. Studies by Joshi et al.
(2004) and Rao et al. (2006) have observed that production of high-value commodities is
demand-driven, determined mainly by rising income and urbanisation. Hazra (2001) has
enlisted other determinants of crop diversification, viz. resource related factors like rainfall,
irrigation, fertilizers; technology related factors like High Yielding Variety (HVY) seeds,
household related factors like education, income from agriculture; institution related factors like
credit, insurance, Minimum Support Prices (MSP), and infrastructure related factors like
electricity, telecommunication facilities, road and markets.
The study has attempted
To measure the level of crop diversification in all districts of Odisha.
To examine the status and compare the level of diversification between Cuttack and
Kandhamal Districts.
To explore the determinants of crop diversification in the study area.
The limitation of the study is that the present study is made on the available of primary data
to examine the determinants of crop diversification where could not covered the variables like
agro-climatic zone, soil fertility, rainfall, road connectivity, Minimum Support Price (MSP),
marketing facility, education of the farmer and cold storages, food processing units and agrobased industries etc.
Methodology
In this section an attempt has been made to describe the different as aspects of the
methodology adopted in the present study.
Data and Sample Design
The study has been based on both primary data and secondary data. The secondary data has
been collected from various sources like Agricultural Statistics of Odisha and Economic
Surveys. The primary data has been collected from two districts of Odisha i.e. Cuttack district
and Kandhamal district. In the Cuttack district, the data has been collected mainly from two
Gram Panchayats (GP) consists of four villages. One is Govindpur G.P. which consisting of two
villages named Biswanathpur, and Jariapda and other is Salagaon G.P. which consisting of
Salagaon and Nakhara villages of Tangi- Chaudwar block. In Kandhamal district, has been
collected from Balaskumpa and Gudari Gram Panchayat of Khajuripada Block. Primary
investigation data has been collected from the households through structured questionnaire. To
examined the status of crop diversification of Odisha i.e. district wise, secondary data has been
used in the year 2015-16. In the primary study, total sixty numbers respondents were taken
from both Cuttack and Kandhamal district each having thirty numbers of farmer’s household in
the year 2018-19. Both purposive sampling and random sampling technique has been used to
select the samples in this study.
By:
Chinmaya Ranjan Kumar
Doctoral Fellow (UGC-NET-JRF) in Rural Development, Department of Economics,
Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, India
Email: ckumar.rd@ravenshawuniversity.ac.in
Pingback: cialis on line
Pingback: where can i buy cialis
Pingback: buy female viagra
Pingback: canadian cialis sale
Pingback: cheap cialis black
Pingback: Anonymous
Pingback: Anonymous
Pingback: Anonymous
Pingback: ivermectin
Pingback: ivermectin tablets
Pingback: ignition casino vs bovada
Pingback: where to purchase ivermectin
Pingback: furosemide canada cost
Pingback: lasix tablet price in india
Pingback: ivermectin for animals
Pingback: ivermectin in diabetic patients
Pingback: mylan tadalafil
Pingback: ivermectin 1%cream
Pingback: ivermectin 0.08 oral solution
Pingback: ivermectin prescription
Pingback: the lancet ivermectin
Pingback: luckyland slots casino bonus
Pingback: buy ivermectin for scabies
Pingback: how to get ivermectin australia
Pingback: cdc ivermectin
Pingback: how much is generic cialis at walmart
Pingback: uttar pradesh ivermectin
Pingback: buy ivermectin for humans uk
Pingback: selenechew
Pingback: ivermectin tablets uk
Pingback: smileytips
Pingback: karlywegner
Pingback: gradingpen
Pingback: renaytoronto
Pingback: exledau
Pingback: 2perugia
Pingback: detikxom
Pingback: nolteknows
Pingback: ivermectin cream 5
Pingback: cuakpsi
Pingback: bibliowine
Pingback: rotimpex
Pingback: cindenyolla
Pingback: hdcamcrew
Pingback: photonaix
Pingback: veskopetrov
Pingback: selenabil
Pingback: finasteride propecia buy online
Pingback: where to buy propecia online forums
Pingback: agencecodit
Pingback: solarmedium
Pingback: bushkim
Pingback: masalokumak
Pingback: moltenmama
Pingback: cuanhcuem
Pingback: sellergyllc
Pingback: andylampert
Pingback: smtlrtcc
Pingback: theassetedge
Pingback: saraswartz
Pingback: novynha
Pingback: biothay
Pingback: polofutar
Pingback: dinkartimes
Pingback: projoust
Pingback: emrefirin
Pingback: taedits
Pingback: balazskoren
Pingback: latzinsurance
Pingback: snapitf
Pingback: larosaviola
Pingback: sadlifebox
Pingback: where to buy social signals
Pingback: karunasoap
Pingback: execedits
Pingback: progoodies
Pingback: tyvano
Pingback: oraien
Pingback: het-nus
Pingback: caspigas
Pingback: stanthonyshyd
Pingback: sapporovn
Pingback: ds-flow
Pingback: techonesolution
Pingback: malabarcet
Pingback: adgeminco
Pingback: risetj
Pingback: forexwale
дом виски ялта
отели семидворье алушта
гостевой дом женева кубинка
янган
жилье в дербенте
волна центр
отдых в казани на новый год 2022
отдых в севастополе на новый год
гостиницы казань цены
пятигорск хостел
пансионат отдыха кавказ отзывы
алекс резорт абхазия
What’s Happening i’m new to this, I stumbled upon this I have found It positively helpful and it has helped me out loads. I hope to give a contribution & aid other users like its helped me. Good job.
пляжный кемпинг 9 й километр
пансионат строитель евпатория
пансионат софия анапа отзывы
одеон отель сочи
hey there and thank you for your information I’ve definitely picked up anything new from right here. I did however expertise a few technical issues using this web site, since I experienced to reload the web site a lot of times previous to I could get it to load properly. I had been wondering if your web hosting is OK? Not that I am complaining, but sluggish loading instances times will often affect your placement in google and can damage your high quality score if advertising and marketing with Adwords. Anyway I’m adding this RSS to my e-mail and can look out for a lot more of your respective intriguing content. Make sure you update this again soon.
Highly energetic article, I enjoyed that a lot. Will there be a part 2?
санаторий белые ночи цены
кутузов смоленск
лечение полинейропатии нижних
озерки гостиница
Great delivery. Solid arguments. Keep up the good work.
анапа санаторий
санаторий лениногорск
апшеронск гостиница
гостиница в новой купавне
Hi there, I found your blog by means of Google even as searching for a comparable topic, your web site got here up, it appears good. I have bookmarked it in my google bookmarks.
орбита 001
санаторий ерино бассейн
гостиница башкортостан туймазы
танжер саки официальный сайт
You should take part in a contest for one of the finest sites on the net. I most certainly will recommend this blog!
Hi there, after reading this awesome article i am too happy to share my knowledge here with mates.
Can I just say what a relief to discover somebody who truly knows what they’re talking about online. You definitely understand how to bring an issue to light and make it important. More people should read this and understand this side of the story. It’s surprising you aren’t more popular because you certainly have the gift.
Thank you a bunch for sharing this with all people you really realize what you are talking approximately! Bookmarked. Please also discuss with my site =). We could have a link trade agreement among us
Appreciate the recommendation. Will try it out.
I believe what you postedtypedsaidthink what you postedtypedsaidthink what you postedwrotebelieve what you postedtypedWhat you postedtypedsaid was very logicala bunch of sense. But, what about this?consider this, what if you were to write a killer headlinetitle?content?typed a catchier title? I ain’t saying your content isn’t good.ain’t saying your content isn’t gooddon’t want to tell you how to run your blog, but what if you added a titlesomethingheadlinetitle that grabbed a person’s attention?maybe get people’s attention?want more? I mean %BLOG_TITLE% is a little vanilla. You could peek at Yahoo’s home page and see how they createwrite post headlines to get viewers interested. You might add a video or a pic or two to get readers interested about what you’ve written. Just my opinion, it could bring your postsblog a little livelier.
I got this web site from my pal who told me regarding this web site and now this time I am visiting this web site and reading very informative posts here.
I visited many sites but the audio quality for audio songs current at this web site is in fact wonderful.
Very quickly this web site will be famous among all blogging users, due to it’s nice posts
Its like you read my mind! You seem to understand so much approximately this, like you wrote the book in it or something. I feel that you could do with some % to pressure the message house a bit, however other than that, this is magnificent blog. An excellent read. I’ll definitely be back.
Useful info. Fortunate me I found your web site accidentally, and I am surprised why this coincidence did not happened in advance! I bookmarked it.
magnificent issues altogether, you just gained a emblem new reader. What might you suggest in regards to your post that you simply made a few days ago? Any sure?
Do you have a spam issue on this website; I also am a blogger, and I was wanting to know your situation; many of us have created some nice methods and we are looking to swap strategies with other folks, why not shoot me an e-mail if interested.
Hi, Neat post. There is a problem together with your site in internet explorer, could check this? IE still is the marketplace leader and a big section of other folks will omit your fantastic writing due to this problem.
If some one needs expert view about blogging after that i suggest him/her to pay a visit this website, Keep up the nice job.
I am regular reader, how are you everybody? This post posted at this site is actually good.
Great web site you have here.. It’s hard to find good quality writing like yours these days. I truly appreciate people like you! Take care!!
What’s Happening i’m new to this, I stumbled upon this I have found It positively helpful and it has helped me out loads. I hope to give a contribution & assist other users like its helped me. Good job.
buy instagram hacklink and watch instagram porn.
You really make it seem so easy with your presentation but I find this topic to be really something which I think I would never understand. It seems too complicated and very broad for me. I am looking forward for your next post, I will try to get the hang of it!
Way cool! Some very valid points! I appreciate you writing this post and the rest of the site is also very good.
constantly i used to read smaller posts which also clear their motive, and that is also happening with this post which I am reading here.
This is very interesting, You are an overly professional blogger. I have joined your feed and sit up for in search of more of your great post. Also, I have shared your web site in my social networks
buy instagram hacklink and watch instagram porn.
lstill18 single women: http://datingtopreview.com/# – fdating international
I really like it when individuals come together and share views. Great blog, keep it up!
Good day! Do you use Twitter? I’d like to follow you if that would be ok. I’m definitely enjoying your blog and look forward to new updates.
A big thank you for your article post.Thanks Again. Really Great.
Good day! Do you know if they make any plugins to help with SEO? I’m trying to get my blog to rank for some targeted keywords but I’m not seeing very good results. If you know of any please share. Cheers!
magnificent publish, very informative. I wonder why the other experts of this sector do not realize this. You should continue your writing. I am sure, you have a huge readers’ base already!
Thank you for sharing your info. I truly appreciate your efforts and I am waiting for your next post thank you once again.
Hi there, its good article about media print, we all know media is a great source of information.
I think the admin of this web site is in fact working hard for his website, since here every data is quality based data.
Хороший частный эромассаж в Москве с бассейном
Have you ever thought about publishing an e-book or guest authoring on other websites? I have a blog centered on the same subjects you discuss and would really like to have you share some stories/information. I know my subscribers would enjoy your work. If you are even remotely interested, feel free to send me an e-mail.
психолог
I relish, lead to I found exactly what I used to be looking for. You have ended my 4 day long hunt! God Bless you man. Have a nice day. Bye
психолог
It’s a shame you don’t have a donate button! I’d without a doubt donate to this brilliant blog! I suppose for now i’ll settle for book-marking and adding your RSS feed to my Google account. I look forward to fresh updates and will talk about this blog with my Facebook group. Chat soon!
Greetings! This is my 1st comment here so I just wanted to give a quick shout out and tell you I truly enjoy reading through your articles. Can you suggest any other blogs/websites/forums that go over the same subjects? Thank you so much!
Heya i’m for the first time here. I came across this board and I find It truly useful & it helped me out a lot. I hope to give something back and help others like you helped me.
психолог
Does your website have a contact page? I’m having a tough time locating it but, I’d like to send you an e-mail. I’ve got some suggestions for your blog you might be interested in hearing. Either way, great site and I look forward to seeing it improve over time.
Pretty nice post. I just stumbled upon your blog and wanted to say that I have really enjoyed browsing your blog posts. In any case I’ll be subscribing to your feed and I hope you write again soon!
Amazing blog! Do you have any recommendations for aspiring writers? I’m planning to start my own website soon but I’m a little lost on everything. Would you advise starting with a free platform like WordPress or go for a paid option? There are so many choices out there that I’m totally confused .. Any ideas? Many thanks!
What’s up, for all time i used to check blog posts here early in the dawn, because i love to learn more and more.
Every weekend i used to visit this web site, because i want enjoyment, as this this site conations in fact good funny stuff too.
What’s up to all, it’s truly a good for me to go to see this website, it contains valuable Information.
This is the right site for anyone who wants to find out about this topic. You realize so much its almost hard to argue with you (not that I personally would want toHaHa). You definitely put a brand new spin on a topic that’s been written about for years. Excellent stuff, just great!
Thank you for the auspicious writeup. It in fact was a amusement account it. Look advanced to far added agreeable from you! By the way, how can we communicate?
This is very interesting, You are an excessively professional blogger. I have joined your feed and sit up for in quest of more of your great post. Also, I have shared your web site in my social networks
Hi there to every body, it’s my first pay a visit of this blog; this weblog includes remarkable and actually good data in favor of readers.
психолог
Hi there, I believe your website might be having internet browser compatibility issues. When I look at your web site in Safari, it looks fine but when opening in IE, it has some overlapping issues. I just wanted to give you a quick heads up! Besides that, fantastic blog!
Hey there, You have performed an excellent job. I will definitely digg it and personally recommend to my friends. I am sure they will be benefited from this site.
Marvelous, what a blog it is! This weblog gives useful data to us, keep it up.
Hello very nice blog!! Guy .. Beautiful .. Superb .. I will bookmark your blog and take the feeds also? I am glad to find numerous useful information here in the post, we need develop more strategies in this regard, thank you for sharing. . . . . .
You really make it seem so easy together with your presentation however I find this topic to be really something which I feel I might never understand. It kind of feels too complicated and very wide for me. I am taking a look forward for your next post, I will try to get the cling of it!
It’s difficult to find educated people for this topic, but you sound like you know what you’re talking about! Thanks
With havin so much written content do you ever run into any problems of plagorism or copyright violation? My site has a lot of completely unique content I’ve either created myself or outsourced but it appears a lot of it is popping it up all over the web without my agreement. Do you know any solutions to help stop content from being ripped off? I’d certainly appreciate it.
What’s up, after reading this awesome piece of writing i am also cheerful to share my knowledge here with mates.
Hiya very nice website!! Guy .. Beautiful .. Superb .. I will bookmark your blog and take the feeds also? I am glad to seek out numerous useful information here in the submit, we’d like develop more strategies in this regard, thank you for sharing. . . . . .
Официальный интернет-магазин одежды российского музыканта SODA LUV, где можно оформить заказ на мерч og buda купить и сода лав с доставкой до квартиры в России по низкой цене
Great web site you’ve got here.. It’s hard to find high-quality writing like yours these days. I truly appreciate people like you! Take care!!
Nice post. I was checking continuously this blog and I am impressed! Very useful information specially the last part 🙂 I care for such info a lot. I was seeking this particular info for a long time. Thank you and good luck.
65
Do you mind if I quote a couple of your posts as long as I provide credit and sources back to your website? My blog site is in the very same area of interest as yours and my visitors would certainly benefit from a lot of the information you present here. Please let me know if this okay with you. Cheers!
Great article! We will be linking to this great post on our site. Keep up the good writing.
Heya excellent blog! Does running a blog like this take a great deal of work? I have very little expertise in programming but I was hoping to start my own blog soon. Anyway, if you have any recommendations or tips for new blog owners please share. I know this is off topic nevertheless I just needed to ask. Thank you!
Heya i’m for the first time here. I came across this board and I find It truly useful & it helped me out a lot. I hope to give something back and help others like you helped me.
This is my first time visit at here and i am really happy to read all at one place.
Брендовый интернет-магазин одежды музыканта Ghostemane, где можно купить ghostemane мерч с доставкой на дом до квартиры в России по низкой цене
I enjoy what you guys are usually up too. Such clever work and coverage! Keep up the amazing works guys I’ve added you guys to blogroll.
I am sure this piece of writing has touched all the internet people, its really really nice article on building up new website.
Быстровозводимые здания – это современные сооружения, которые различаются повышенной быстротой возведения и мобильностью. Они представляют собой сооружения, состоящие из заранее сделанных составляющих или компонентов, которые способны быть быстро смонтированы на месте развития.
Быстровозводимые конструкции располагают податливостью а также адаптируемостью, что разрешает легко изменять а также трансформировать их в соответствии с пожеланиями заказчика. Это экономически эффективное и экологически надежное решение, которое в крайние годы заполучило широкое распространение.
Онлайн магазин одежды музыканта OG BUDA, где можно оформить заказ на футболка og buda с доставкой на дом в России по низкой цене
Hello there, You have performed a fantastic job. I will definitely digg it and individually recommend to my friends. I am sure they will be benefited from this web site.
Hey there! I’ve been following your site for a while now and finally got the bravery to go ahead and give you a shout out from New Caney Tx! Just wanted to mention keep up the excellent job!
You’re so awesome! I don’t suppose I’ve read anything like this before. So great to find someone with a few original thoughts on this subject. Really.. thank you for starting this up. This site is something that is needed on the web, someone with some originality!
Fantastic goods from you, man. I’ve be aware your stuff prior to and you’re simply too great. I really like what you’ve acquired here, really like what you’re stating and the way by which you assert it. You are making it entertaining and you still take care of to stay it sensible. I can not wait to read far more from you. This is actually a great website.
This piece of writing offers clear idea in favor of the new viewers of blogging, that actually how to do blogging and site-building.
Hi there mates, good article and nice arguments commented here, I am truly enjoying by these.
This is my first time go to see at here and i am really happy to read all at alone place.
I like the valuable information you supply in your articles. I will bookmark your weblog and check again here frequently. I am fairly certain I will be informed plenty of new stuff right here! Good luck for the following!
Hi there! I know this is kind of off topic but I was wondering if you knew where I could find a captcha plugin for my comment form? I’m using the same blog platform as yours and I’m having difficulty finding one? Thanks a lot!
Can I simply say what a relief to find a person that actually knows what they’re talking about on the internet. You definitely understand how to bring an issue to light and make it important. More people need to look at this and understand this side of the story. I was surprised that you aren’t more popular because you definitely have the gift.
I’m not sure why but this web site is loading incredibly slow for me. Is anyone else having this issue or is it a problem on my end? I’ll check back later and see if the problem still exists.
Hi there, i read your blog occasionally and i own a similar one and i was just wondering if you get a lot of spam feedback? If so how do you prevent it, any plugin or anything you can suggest? I get so much lately it’s driving me insane so any assistance is very much appreciated.