Agriculture and livelihood conditions of tribal population in hilly areas have always been neglected. These poor, economically and socially backward and illiterate people with poor health, small pieces of marginal land and negligible assets, are still struggling for their survival and a normal civic life. Pratapgarh is one of the fully tribal districts of southern Rajasthan. Being located within Aravalli hills and Malwa Plateau, the district has just 49.33 percent cultivated lands with poor GW potential. Looking into the gravity of problem, the present study has taken up to address the prevailing agricultural issues and challenges and came out with suitable and viable development strategies and technologies. Long term data from various sources on agricultural and human resources are analysed and interpretation of satellite imagery and SOI toposheets on 1:50, 000 scale are carried out for getting problems and potentials of natural resources. The cropping pattern is highly imbalanced, leading to food insecurity and malnutrition. Area under pulses is just 8.14 percent and cereals (mainly wheat and maize) 41.45 percent. On the other hand, oilseed crops viz. soybean and mustard grab 44.63 percent area. Though total agricultural production has increased by 90.9 percent since 2008-09 but food availability remained very poor. Cultivation of opium is subject dissatisfaction from farmers since they are not happy with Govt. policy. Again, the district is very poor in infrastructure development, industrialization and proper utilization of surface water resources. Measures and technologies are suggested for proper use and management of natural resources, increase crop production and productivity, ensure food availability and arrest malnutrition, creation of assets, infrastructure development, establish suitable industries, augment mineral exploration and make forest resources more useful and profitable.